Intermittent chronic telogen effluvium with an unusual dermoscopic finding following COVID-19.

Various conditions, including infections, can cause telogen effluvium (TE). One of them is coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), where hair loss usually begins between 2 and 12 weeks after the illness. TE can be acute or chronic, and the chronic type can be intermittent. Here, we present the case of a 17-year-old girl with severe and widespread hair loss following an upper respiratory infection suspected to be COVID-19, with the patient having a history of such attacks since childhood. Evidence from biopsy and dermoscopy indicated a diagnosis of TE.

Cutaneous adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccinations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 vaccines are currently the most effective interventions in controlling and preventing severe disease progression. Dermatologic reactions to COVID-19 vaccinations may be rare among clinical trial participants. However, since global mass vaccination became a reality, these adverse effects may become more widespread, and different skin reactions would arise. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the cutaneous adverse reactions in cases subject to vaccines for COVID-19. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase databases, identifying the relevant records and including the eligible observational ones. After assessing the methodological quality of the included studies, we qualitatively and quantitatively synthesized the data regarding the cutaneous side effects experienced by those in the studies' population. RESULTS: Overall, 36 studies were included in our systematic review, with the majority being cross-sectional. We found that pain, erythema, and swelling were the most common local side effects, while different types of rashes, urticaria, and angioedema were the most non-local. Few cases also reported experiencing flare-ups of their underlying diseases or developing newly-onset diseases of various etiologies. Our meta-analyses also found that while viral vector-based vaccines are, though insignificantly, safer in injection site complaints, individuals who received mRNA vaccines developed significantly fewer non-local cutaneous adverse events. DISCUSSION: Cutaneous reactions to the COVID-19 vaccines are similar to common cutaneous drug eruptions and COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations. However, we believe that further high-quality research is needed to assess better how and why cutaneous reactions occur in different vaccines.

Which immunosuppressive drug is preferred in the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis during COVID-19 outbreak?

Cyclosporine is an effective and safe immunosuppressant in the management of Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) during COVID-19 outbreak for patients that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is contraindicated or is not affordable.